Resumo A Campomanesia adamantium (guavira) é nativa do Cerrado brasileiro e utilizada como alimentícia e medicinal. A planta tem sido explorada indiscriminadamente em seu hábitat, o que, somado às queimadas e ao desmatamento, levam-na ao risco de extinção. Para a preservação da espécie, é essencial seu manejo in situ e ex situ, e as práticas agroecológi-cas associadas à adubação verde são um sistema recomendado. Neste estudo, investigamos o desenvolvimento da C. adamantium cultivada com os adubos verdes Stylosanthes macrocephala, Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides e Cajanus cajan, além dos atributos químicos e microbiológicos do solo. Os adubos verdes tiveram maiores produções de massas frescas e secas no segundo corte, e as plantas de C. mucunoides, S. macrocephala e P. phaseoloidestiveram maiores concentrações de nutrientes. A massa do C. mucunoidesteve rápida decomposição e influenciou os atributos químicos do solo, havendo maior atuação dos microrganismos do solo no processo bioquímico de decomposição dos resíduos orgânicos. As plantas de C. adamantium mais bem desenvolvidas e com maiores produções e teores de nutrientes nas folhas foram cultivadas com os adubos verdes C. mucunoides e S. macrocephala. Os resultados mostraram que as plantas de C. adamantium respondem positivamente ao uso do adubo verde C. mucunoides, com aumento da produção de folhas. Este cultivo agroecológico contribui para a preservação de C. adamantium e para o uso adequado dos recursos naturais do Cerrado.

Abstract Campomanesia adamantium (guavira) is a native plant of the Brazilian Cerrado used both as food and as medicine. The plant has undergone indiscriminate overexploitation in its habitat, which, in association with fires and deforestation, puts the species at risk of extinction. To preserve the species, in situ and ex situ management actions are required and agroecological practices associated with green manuring is the recommended system. In this study, we investigated the development of C. adamantium grown with the green manures Stylosanthes macrocephala, Pueraria phaseoloides, Calopogonium mucunoides, and Cajanus cajan, as well as the chemical and microbiological properties of the soil. The green manures had the highest production of fresh and dry masses at the second cut and C. mucunoides, S. macrocephala, and P. phaseoloides presented the highest nutrient concentrations. C. mucunoides mass decomposed rapidly and influenced the chemical properties of the soil, with a greater role of soil microorganisms in the biochemical process of decomposition of the organic residues. The bestdeveloped and highest yielding plants with the highest leaf nutrient content were obtained for C. adamantium grown with the green manures C. mucunoides and S. macrocephala. The results showed that C. adamantium responded positively to the use of the green manure C. mucunoides with increased leaf production. This agroecological cultivation to contributes for the preservation of C. adamantium and the appropriate use of the natural resources of the Cerrado.

ABSTRACT Nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) is an unconventional plant or vegetable grown for ornamental, food and medicinal purposes. However, information on cultivation of the species involving organic residue is incipient. Therefore, aimed to evaluate plant growth, flower yield, and nutrient contents of leaves and flowers of Nasturtium cultivated with addition of chicken manure. Five doses of chicken manure were studied, applied in the soil incorporated (I) (1, 6, 10, 14 and 19 t ha-1) and cover (C) (1, 6, 10, 14 and 19 t ha-1) forms, using the experimental array Plan Puebla III, leading to nine combinations of doses and forms of adding the chicken manure, in randomized blocks with four replicates. The greatest plant height (35.75 cm) was achieved at 168 days after transplanting (DAT) under 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C. The greatest yield terms of in number (15.4 million ha-1) and fresh (10.45 t ha-1) and dry weights (0.849 t ha-1) of flowers were found by using doses close to 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C. To obtain the best development and yield of Nasturtium flowers, 10 t ha-1 I and 10 t ha-1 C of chicken manure should be used.

Abstract The aim was to evaluate the effect of chicken manure and substrate liming in the Campomanesia xanthocarpa (‘gabiroba’) physiology, nutrition and growth. Five dosages of chicken manure (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 Mg ha-1) were studied without and with substrate liming. The treatments were arranged in a 5 x 2 factorial scheme, in a randomized block design with four replications. There was an improvement on the chemical attributes in the substrate and nutrients contained in the plants where liming was performed. The highest plant height of C. xanthocarpa occurred with liming and 9.03 Mg ha-1 of chicken manure. The diameters were liming-grown plants and 4.57 mm with 5 Mg ha-1 of chicken manure. The photochemical efficiencies of PSII occurred in plants grown on liming substrate. It was concluded that C. xanthocarpa plants had their development optimizes with substrate liming and incorporation of 5 Mg ha-1 chicken manure.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of different organic residues and bokashi in the substrate formulation in the initial growth of marmelo-do-cerrado. The experiment was carried out in pots under shading (50%). The following organic residues were tested: poultry manure (PM) with rice husk base, PM with wood shavings base, Organosuper®, and castor bean meal, in a control with only soil. All treatments were assessed with and without bokashi. The experimental arrangement was a 5 × 2 factorial scheme in a randomized block design with four replicates and four plants. The greatest plant height was observed when the plants were cultivated in PM with rice husk base with bokashi. The pigment contents, photochemical efficiency, biomasses and quality of seedlings were highest in Organosuper® with bokashi. We recommend the use of Organosuper® and PM with rice husk base, both with bokashi, in the growth of marmelo-do-cerrado.

ABSTRACT Proper crop management is essential for preservation of medicinal plants of the Cerrado. There is no report of ex-situ cultivation of Allophylus edulis (vacum), which is used for its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, in intercropping with Tropaeolum majus (nasturtium). Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the intercropping with nasturtium and fertilization with chicken manure on yield of vacum. The experiment consisted of six treatments: monocrop vacum without chicken manure; monocrop vacum with hicken manure; monocrop nasturtium without chicken manure; monocrop nasturtium with chicken manure; vacum intercropped with nasturtium without chicken manure and vacum intercropped with nasturtium with chicken manure. The crop cycle of vacum took 540 days after transplanting and, during this period, nasturtium was cultivated in two cycles, in 2017 and 2018. Vacum showed greater height growth and production of fresh and dry masses of leaves in single cultivation with chicken manure fertilization. Nasturtium showed greater growth and flower production in monocrop cultivation with chicken manure fertiliazation, in the first cycle. The intercropping vacum with nasturtium was effective, showing Equivalent Area Ratio (EAR) of 1.16 and 1.18 without and with chicken manure, respectively.

Objetivou-se avaliar a produtividade, custos de produção e rentabilidade do mangarito cultivado com diferentes tamanhos de mudas (T1= 3,30; T2= 2,17; T3= 1,34 e T4= 0,81 g) e bases de cama de frango semidecomposta (serragem, casca de arroz e sem cama de frango) adicionadas ao solo em cobertura. Os tratamentos foram arranjados no esquema fatorial 4 x 3, no delineamento experimental blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A maior massa da matéria fresca de rizoma filho comercial foi obtida com o uso da cama de frango base casca de arroz e tamanho de mudas (T1), com aumento de 7,25 t ha-1 em relação ao T4 que obteve o menor valor. O T1 favoreceu maior massa fresca de rizoma mãe. Os custos estimados para produzir 1,0 ha de mangarito variaram em função dos tratamentos em R$ 2.356,26 entre o maior custo (R$ 9.802,30), ao cultivar com cama de frango e mudas T1 e o menor custo (R$ 7.446,04), para o cultivo sem a adição de cama de frango ao solo ao utilizar mudas T4. As maiores rendas bruta e líquida foram obtidas no cultivo do mangarito com T1 e adição de cama de frango base casca de arroz.

The aim was to evaluate the productivity, production costs and profitability of mangarite grown with different seedling sizes (T1= 3.30, T2= 2.17, T3= 1.34 and T4= 0.81 g) and types of poultry manure with different bases (sawdust, rice hulls and without poultry manure). The factors were arranged in a 4 x 3 factorial scheme in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The highest fresh mass of the commercial cormels was obtained with the use of the poultry rice hulls base and size of seedlings 1 (T1), with an increase of 7.25 t ha-1 in relation to T4. T1 presented the highest fresh cormels mass. The estimated costs to produce 1.0 ha of mangarite varied according to the treatments in R$ 2,356.26 between the highest cost (R$ 9,802,30), the cultivar with poultry manure and T1 seedlings and the lowest cost (R$ 7,446,04), for cultivation without the addition of poultry manure to the soil when using T4 seedlings. However, the highest gross and net incomes were obtained in the cultivation of the T1 mangarite and addition of rice hulls poultry manure.

Pereskia aculeata Plum. (Ora pro nóbis, Cactaceae) é uma planta de interesse medicinal e de valor alimentício por apresentar elevadores teores de fibras e proteínas. Porém, são incipientes informações referentes aos aspectos fisiológicos na fase de crescimento inicial de mudas. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho conhecer o metabolismo fotossintético de mudas de P. aculeata propagadas por estaquia sob contrastes de irradiância. O experimento foi desenvolvido sob duas disponibilidades luminosas (Pleno sol e sombreamento de 50%), avaliando-se os tipos de estaca apical, mediana e basal. O arranjo experimental foi em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, no delineamento blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Foram quantificados os pigmentos fotossintéticos, emissão da fluorescência da clorofila a e trocas gasosas. Constatou-se que os maiores teores de clorofilas e eficiências fotoquímicas ocorreram nas mudas de estacas apicais cultivadas sob 50% de sombreamento (baixa irradiância). As maiores taxas de assimilação de CO2, eficiência da Rubisco e de uso da água foram constatadas quando utilizadas estacas medianas e basais sob pleno sol (alta irradiância). A propagação por estacas medianas mantidas em alta ou baixa irradiância e basais em alta irradiância propiciaram maior capacidade fotossintética das mudas e podem ser indicadas para a propagação dessa espécie.

Pereskia aculeata Plum. (Ora pro nóbis, Cactaceae) is a plant of medicinal interest and alimentary value to present high contents of fibers and proteins. However, information regarding the physiological aspects in the initial growth stage of seedlings is incipient. Thus, the aim of this work was to know the photosynthetic metabolism of P. aculeata seedlings propagated by cuttings under irradiance contrasts. The experiment was conducted under two light conditions (full sun and 50% shading), evaluating the types of apical, median and basal cuttings. The experimental arrangement was in a 2 x 3 factorial scheme, in the randomized complete block design, with four replications. Photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll-a fluorescence emission and gas exchange were quantified. Results showed that the highest levels of chlorophylls and photochemical efficiencies were observed in the apical cuttings cultivated under 50% shading (low irradiance). The highest rates of CO2 assimilation, Rubisco efficiency and water use were observed when using median and basal cuttings under full sun (high irradiance). The propagation by median cuttings maintained in high or low irradiance, and basal cuttings under high irradiance provided a greater photosynthetic capacity of the seedlings, and may be indicated for the propagation of this species.

ABSTRACT Organic residue addition to soil is a recommended practice for arracacia production. This study was aimed at analyzing the agroeconomic productivity of arracacia cultivated with different doses (0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 Mg ha−1) and residue types in broiler manure (sawdust and rice hulls). From the arrangement in a 5 × 2 factorial scheme, ten treatments resulted, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The highest leaf mass production was obtained with 11,2 Mg ha−1 of broiler manure. The use of broiler manure containing sawdust at 16 Mg ha−1 resulted in the highest shoot and root productivities. The maximum numbers of shoots were 649.500 ha−1 and 651.560 ha−1, with 12,48 Mg ha−1 and 9,20 Mg ha−1 of broiler manure containing sawdust and rice hulls, respectively. The maximum number of marketable roots was obtained by using 11,77 Mg ha−1 and 12,21 Mg ha−1 of broiler manure containing sawdust and rice hulls, respectively. The costs per hectare varied by R$ 3.233,55 between the lowest and highest costs. It was concluded that the highest productivity of marketable arracacia roots was obtained with 16 Mg ha−1 of broiler manure containing sawdust. The highest gross and net incomes were obtained with 15 Mg ha−1 of broiler manure containing sawdust.

RESUMEN El acolchado de residuos orgánicos al suelo es una práctica recomendada para la producción de arracacha. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar la productividad agroeconómica de un cultivo de arracacha en suelos cubiertos con diferentes dosis (0, 5, 10, 15 y 20 t ha-1) y tipos de residuos de camas avícolas. (Aserrín de madera y cáscaras de arroz). El diseño experimental fue un factorial de 5 × 2, con diez tratamientos, en un diseño de bloques completos al azar con cuatro repeticiones. El tratamiento con 16 t ha-1 de cama de aves con aserrín obtuvo la mayor productividad de brotes y raíces. El número máximo de brotes fue de 649,500 ha-1 y 651,560 ha-1, con 12,48 t ha-1 y 9,20 t ha-1 de cama de aves con aserrín y cáscaras de arroz, respectivamente. El número máximo de raíces comercializables se obtuvo utilizando 11,77 t ha-1 y 12,21 t ha-1 de cama de aves con aserrín de madera y cáscaras de arroz, respectivamente. Los costos por hectárea variaron en R$ 3.233,55 entre el costo más bajo y el más alto. Los resultados sugieren que la mayor productividad de raíces comercializables de zanahorias blancas se obtuvo con 16 t ha-1 de cama de aves con aserrín y los mayores ingresos brutos y netos fueron con 15 t ha-1 de cama de aves con aserrín de madera.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a influência da adição da cama de frango ao solo sobre o crescimento, produção de biomassa, conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides e atividade antioxidante em folhas de pimenta-rosa. O experimento foi realizado na Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, em Dourados-MS, de outubro de 2009 a maio de 2010. A pimenta-rosa foi cultivada em fileira simples e dupla com cama de frango incorporada nas doses de 0, 5, 10, 15 e 20 t ha-1. Os tratamentos foram arranjados em fatorial 2 x 5 em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições. Houve uma interação significativa entre doses de cama de frango e épocas de avaliação para altura de plantas e conteúdo de clorofila. Foi observado um aumento linear na área foliar, massa fresca e seca de folhas e diâmetro dos ramos principais com o aumento das doses de cama de frango. As plantas cultivadas em fileira simples apresentaram maior massa fresca de caules com o aumento das doses de cama de frango. A cama de frango nas doses de 15 e 20 t ha-1 promoveu um incremento no conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides nas folhas. Nenhum efeito significativo na atividade antioxidante foi observado com o método químico utilizando DPPH. Portanto, recomenda-se o cultivo de plantas de pimenta-rosa em fileira dupla e 20 t ha-1 de cama de frango para maior crescimento, produção de biomassa, e conteúdo de fenóis e flavonoides.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of the addition of poultry litter on growth, biomass yield, flavonoid and phenol content, and antioxidant activity in leaves of pink pepper. The experiment was carried out at the Federal University of Grande Dourados, in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul state, from October 2009 to May 2010. Pink pepper was grown in single or double row in soil with incorporated poultry litter at doses of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1. Treatments were arranged as 2 x 5 factorial in a randomized block design with four replications. There was a significant interaction between the doses of poultry litter and evaluation times for plant height and chlorophyll content. A linear increase in leaf area, fresh and dry weight of leaves and diameter of main stems with increasing doses of poultry litter was observed. Plants grown in single row showed higher fresh weight of stem with increasing doses of poultry litter. Poultry litter at 15 and 20 t ha-1 promoted an increase in flavonoid and phenolic contents in the leaves. No significant effect on the antioxidant activity was observed by the chemical method using DPPH. Therefore, it is recommended the cultivation of pink pepper plants with double row and 20 t ha-1 of poultry litter to higher growth, biomass yield, and flavonoid and phenol content.

Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a capacidade produtiva e a renda líquida de dois genótipos de amendoim cultivados sob três espaçamentos entre fileiras no canteiro. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 2x3 em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com 5 repetições. A colheita foi realizada aos 227 dias após a semeadura. As maiores massas frescas (53,60 t ha-1) e secas (12,46 t ha-1) da parte aérea (ramos + folhas) foram das plantas do amendoim Pintado que foram significativamente maiores em 70,42% e 78,76% que as da Marrom. As massas frescas e secas de vagens comerciais, de vagens não comerciais e de sementes não foram influenciadas significativamente pelos espaçamentos e nem pelos genótipos. A massa fresca da casca de 50 vagens do genótipo Pintado foi significativamente maior, em 39,46%, em relação à Marrom. O rendimento de sementes do genótipo Marrom foi significativamente maior, em 12 %, em relação à Pintado. Para massa fresca de sementes (50 vagens) e número de sementes/vagens não houve diferença significativa entre os genótipos.

Aims of this work were to know the yield capacity and the net income of two peanut genotypes grown under three spacing between rows. Treatments were arranged as 2 x 3 factorial scheme in randomized blocks design, with five repetitions. The harvest was carried out at 227 days after sowing. The interaction between genotypes versus row spacings did not demonstrate correlation. The highest fresh and dry matter yield of shoot (branches + leaves) were of plants of Pintado peanut that significantly exceeded in 70,42% and 78,76% respectively the than Marrom peanut. Highest weight of fresh and dry matter yield for commercial pods, non-commercial pods, and seeds was not significant statistically for genotypes and the spacing between rows. The genotype Pintado produced 39,46% more than Marrom of fresh matter yield (g) of 50 pods, and percentage yield seeds were 12% higher for Marrom than Pintado, both of the results with significant difference. For fresh matter (g) of seeds (relative to 50 pods) and number of seeds/pods did not have significant difference between spacing and genotypes.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a efetividade da quitosana e da embalagem de polietileno associada à refrigeração na qualidade da mandioquinha-salsa cv. Amarela de Senador Amaral. Os tratamentos realizados foram: aplicação de quitosana a 1,5%; embalagem de polietileno revestida com filme de PVC e controle (não-tratado e com embalagem plástica). As mandioquinhas-salsa foram lavadas, descascadas, sanitizadas e tratadas e em seguida foram armazenadas a 0 ºC durante 18 dias e a 5 ºC sendo conservada por 9 dias, ambos com 95% UR. O experimento foi disposto em esquema fatorial 2 x 7 x 2 (2 tratamentos x 7 períodos x 2 temperaturas) com 5 repetições, cada uma composta por 5 tubérculos de mandioquinhas-salsa. As avaliações químicas realizadas foram: determinação dos teores de sólidos solúveis, açúcares totais, amido, atividade enzimática da polifenoloxidase e da peroxidase. A quitosana promoveu efeito elicitor de respostas bioquímicas da defesa da mandioquinha-salsa, com aumento significativo nas atividades da polifenoloxidase e da peroxidase.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of chitosan and polyethylene packaging, associated with refrigeration, on the quality of the arracacha cv. Amarela de Senador Amaral. The treatments carried out were, application of 1.5% chitosan, polyethylene packaging lined with PVC film, and a control (untreated and in plastic packaging). The arracacha were washed, peeled, sanitised and treated, and then stored at 0 °C for 18 days and at 5 °C for 9 days, both at 95% RH. The experiment was arranged in a 2 x 7 x 2 factorial (2 treatments x 7 periods x 2 temperatures) with 5 replications, each consisting of 5 arracacha tubers. The chemical evaluations performed were: determination of the levels of soluble solids, total sugars, starch and the enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. The chitosan promoted an elicitor effect of biochemical responses in the defences of the arracacha, with a significant increase in the activities of polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase.

O experimento foi desenvolvido em Campo Grande - MS, no período de março de 2008 a janeiro de 2009. O objetivo foi avaliar o desenvolvimento das mudas da Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. sob três condições de sombreamento e seis substratos. Os tratamentos foram três níveis de sombreamento (0%, 30% e 50% de sombra) e seis substratos [100% de solo Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura argilosa - LVd (ta); 100% de solo de Latossolo Vermelho distrófico textura média LVd (tm); 75% de LVd (ta) + 15% de areia + 10% de cama de frango semidecomposta - LVd (ta) + CF; 75% de LVd(tm) + 15% de areia + 10 % de cama de frango semidecomposta - LVd (tm) + CF; 75% de LVd(ta) + 15% de areia + 10 % Organosuper® - LVd (ta) + OR; 75% de LVd (tm) + 15% de areia + 10% de Organosuper® - LVd (tm) + OR]. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso, arranjado em parcelas subdivididas com medidas repetidas no tempo. Foram utilizadas três repetições e dez plantas por subparcela. Os níveis de sombreamento interferiram do desenvolvimento das mudas nas características de diâmetro do coleto (maior sob sol), área foliar (maior sob 50% de sombra) e massa seca de raízes (maior sob sol). Considerando o desenvolvimento da parte aérea das mudas, a observação de que sob sol pleno há necessidade de utilização de maior volume de irrigação e que houve menor sobrevivência de plantas, considera-se o nível de sombreamento de 50% como mais adequado para produção de mudas de guavira. Dos substratos testados, o LVd (ta) foi considerado o mais adequado ao desenvolvimento das mudas pela percentagem de plantas vivas (95,55%) sem diferir do LVd (tm) (98,88%), maior altura de plantas observada no desenvolvimento e na altura final, maior massa seca de raízes, diferindo estatisticamente dos demais substratos e maior IQD (2,62), sem diferir de LVd (tm) (1,50).

The experiment was conducted in Campo Grande - MS from March 2008 to January 2009. The objective was to evaluate the development of seedlings of Campomanesia adamantium (Cambess.) O. Berg. under three conditions of shading and six substrates. Treatments were three levels of shading ( 0 % , 30 % and 50 % shade ) and six substrates [ 100 % Oxisol soil clayey - LVd ( ta ) ; 100 % Oxisol soil medium texture LVd ( tm ), 75 % of LVd ( ta ) + 15 % + 10 % sand bed - of - semi-decomposed chicken - LVd ( ta ) + CF , 75 % LVd ( tm ) + 15 % + 10 % sand bed - from - semi-decomposed chicken - LVd ( tm ) + CF , 75 % LVd ( ta ) + 15 % sand + 10 % Organosuper® - LVd ( ta ) + OR , 75 % LVd ( tm ) + 15 % sand + 10% Organosuper® - LVd ( tm ) + OR ] . The experimental design was random blocks, arranged in a split-plot with repeated measures. There were three replicates and ten plants per subplot. The shading levels interfered in plant growth characteristics of the stem diameter (greater under the sun), leaf area (greater under 50 % shade) and dry weight of roots (higher under the sun). Considering the development of the seedlings, the observation that under full sun, there is the need to use higher volume irrigation and plant survival was lower, and considering the level of shading of 50 % more suitable for guavira seedling production. About the substrates, LVd ( ta ) was considered the most suitable for the seedling growth percentage of live plants (95.55 % ) without differing from LVd ( tm ) ( 98.88 % ) , higher plant height observed in the development and the final height, higher dry roots differing from the other substrates and greater IQD ( 2.62 ) without differing from the LVd (tm) (1.50).

A cultura da mandioquinha-salsa constitui-se em ótima alternativa para pequenos e médios produtores, especialmente dentro dos conceitos de agricultura familiar. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a produtividade agroeconômica da mandioquinha-salsa cultivada com dois espaçamentos entre plantas (20 e 25 cm) e formas de adição de massa seca de cama de frango ao solo [cobertura (10 t ha-1), incorporada (10 t ha-1), cobertura (5 t ha-1) + incorporada (5 t ha-1) e sem cama de frango (0 t ha-1)], realizando duas colheitas independentes em diferentes estágios de maturação, 50% e 70% de senescência, que ocorreram respectivamente aos 224 e 249 dias após o plantio (DAP). As características avaliadas não foram influenciadas significativamente pela interação espaçamentos entre plantas e formas de adição de cama de frango, mas foram influenciadas pelas formas isoladas. As maiores massas de matérias frescas de folhas, coroas e os rebentos foram obtidos com o espaçamento de 25 cm entre plantas, nas duas colheitas. Aos 50% de senescência os aumentos foram de 27% (folhas), 28% (coroas) e 37% (rebentos) e aos 249 DAP foram de 25% (folhas), 13% (coroas), 18% (rebentos) e 22% (raízes comerciais) em relação a 20 cm entre plantas. Aos 70% de senescência as melhores produções de raízes comerciais foram com a cama de frango incorporada e em cobertura + incorporada, que superaram em 10,27 t ha-1 e 7,29 t ha-1, respectivamente, sem a cama de frango. Para serem obtidas maiores produtividades de raízes comerciais, o cultivo em canteiros da mandioquinha-salsa 'Amarela de Carandaí' deve ser feito com espaçamento de 25 cm entre plantas e com a adição ao solo de cama de frango na forma incorporada, realizando a colheita com 70% de senescência da parte foliar aos 249 DAP.

Peruvian carrots is an excellent alternative for small and medium farmers, especially within the concepts of family farming. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the agricultural economic yield of this crop when managed under two plant spacing arrangements (20 and 25 cm between plants) and different application methods of dried broiler manure on the soil [surface-applied (10 t ha-1); incorporated to the soil (10 t ha-1); surface applied (5 t ha-1) + incorporated (5 t ha-1)]. Two harvests were performed in different stages of maturation, when plants presented 50% and 70% senescence, at 224 and 249 days after planting (DAP), respectively. The characteristics evaluated were not significantly influenced by the interaction between the plant spacing arrangements and the methods of broiler manure addition, although they were influenced by isolated studied factors. Greater fresh weights of leaves, crown and shoots were obtained under 25 cm plant spacing arrangement in both harvests: there were increases of 27% (leaves), 28% (crowns) and 37% (shoots) for 50% senescence; and 25% (leaves), 13% (crowns), 18% (shoots) and 22% (commercial roots) for 70% senescence, when compared to those obtained under 20 cm. With 70% senescence, the greatest yields of commercial roots were attained when the addition of broiler manure was incorporated on the soil or surface applied + incorporated, outgrowing 10.27 ton ha-1 and 7.29 ton ha-1, respectively, in comparison with those produced without manure. Thereby, to achieve greatest yield of commercial roots and higher net income, the Peruvian carrot crops should follow spacing of 25 cm between plants, with broiler manure incorporated to the soil, as well harvests performed when plants reach 70% senescence, at 249 DAP.

O objetivo da pesquisa foi avaliar a produtividade agroeconômica do mangarito 'Comum', cultivado sob três e quatro fileiras de plantas em canteiro, sem amontoa, com uma amontoa [aos 28 dias após as brotações (DAB)] ou com duas amontoas (aos 28 e 56 DAB). O delineamento experimental usado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco repetições, com os tratamentos arranjados em esquema fatorial 2 x 3. Para o plantio foram utilizados rizomas-filhos, selecionados com massa média de 2,97 g. A colheita foi realizada aos 236 dias após o plantio. As produtividades de massa fresca de folhas e as de massas frescas e secas de rizomas-filho não-comerciais (RFNC) apresentaram diferenças significativas na interação número de fileiras de plantas no canteiro e amontoas. Para massa fresca de folhas, o maior valor foi obtido no tratamento onde as plantas foram cultivadas sob três fileiras e duas amontoas, superando em 1,67 t ha-1 (+106,37%) as do tratamento três fileiras e sem amontoa, que tiveram a menor produtividade. As plantas cultivadas sob quatro fileiras apresentaram produtividades de massa fresca (média de 3,62 t ha-1) e massa seca (1,0 t ha-1) de RFNC semelhantes àquelas sob três fileiras (3,74 t ha-1 e 0,97 t ha-1, respectivamente), apesar do estande ter sido 25% maior. As maiores produtividades de massa fresca de rizomas-mãe foram obtidas nos tratamentos sem amontoa e com duas amontoas, que superaram em 15,06 e 10,84% aquele com uma amontoa. As maiores produtividades de rizomas-filho comercializáveis foram dos tratamentos com duas e com uma amontoa, que superaram em 70,54 e 61,00%, respectivamente, aquele sem amontoa. A melhor forma de cultivar o mangarito foi em canteiros com quatro fileiras de plantas e com duas amontoas durante o ciclo produtivo da cultura.

The aim of this study was to evaluate agro-economic yield of 'Comum' tannia, grown under three and four rows of plants in seedbed, without hilling, with one hilling [at 28 days after sprouting (DAB)] or with two hilling (at 28 and 56 DAB). The experimental design was randomized blocks with five replications, the treatments being arranged as a 2 x 3 factorial scheme. Cormels with an average weight of 2.97 g were planted. Harvest was done at 236 days after planting. Yield of fresh weight of leaves and fresh and dried weight of non-commercial cormels (RFNC) showed significant differences in the interaction between number of rows per plot and hilling. For fresh weight of leaves, the highest value was obtained in the treatment where plants were cultivated under three rows and two hillings, which was superior in 1.67 t ha-1 (+ 106.37%) than the treatment with three rows and without hilling, which had the lowest yield. Plants that were cultivated under four rows showed yield of fresh weight (average of 3.62 t ha-1) and dried weight (1.0 t ha-1) of RFNC similar to those under three rows (3.74 t ha-1 and 0.97 t ha-1, respectively), although the stand was 25% higher. The highest yields of fresh weight of corms were obtained from treatments without hilling and with two hillings, which were superior in 15.06 and 10.84% than those with one hilling. The highest yields of commercial cormels were from treatments with two and one hilling, which were superior in 70.54 and 61.00%, respectively, than those without hilling. Under conditions in which the research was carried out and considering the higher net income calculated, the best way to cultivate tannia is in seedbeds with four rows of plants and two hillings during the production cycle of the crop.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer a produtividade agroeconômica do mangarito 'Comum', propagado com cinco tipos de mudas (Extra, Grande, Médio, Pequeno e Muito pequeno), cultivado sem e com amontoa, em três anos agrícolas. Os tratamentos foram arranjados como fatorial 5 x 2 no delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em cada ano. As colheitas foram realizadas aos 238 (2007-08), 231 (2008-09) e 237 (2009-10) dias após o plantio. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância em cada ano. A maior massa fresca de folhas foi das plantas provenientes de mudas Grande e as dos rizoma-mãe-RM, rizoma-filho comercial-RFC e a massa seca de rizoma-filho não-comercial-RFNC foram maiores nas do tipo Extra. As plantas cultivadas em 2008-2009 produziram mais massa fresca de RM e de RFNC que as de 2009-10. As produtividades de massa seca de folhas, RM e RFC; os comprimentos de RM e RFC e o diâmetro de RFC foram influenciados significativamente pela interação tipos de mudas e anos agrícolas. Pela análise econômica, foi melhor cultivar o mangarito sem amontoa e propagado usando mudas do tipo Extra, obtendo-se renda líquida de R$ 2.234,08.

This study aims to discover the agro-economic yield of the 'Comum' tannia, which was propagated with five seedling types (Extra, Large, Medium, Small and Tiny) and grown both with and without a hilling operation during three crop seasons. In each agricultural year, the treatments were arranged as a 5 x 2 factorial in a randomized complete block design with four replications. The harvests were conducted 238 (2007-08), 231 (2008-09) and 237 (2009-10) days after planting. The data were submitted to an analysis of variance each year. The plants produced from large seedlings and RM-corms had a higher fresh leaf weight. Additionally, the dry weight of the RFC-commercial cormels and RFNC-non-commercial cormels was higher with extra seedlings. The plants grown during 2008-2009 had a higher fresh weight of RM and of RFNC than the plants grown during 2009-10. The interaction between the seedling types and crop seasons significantly influence the yield and dry weight of the leaves of RM and RFC, the leaf length of RM and RFC and the leaf diameter of RFC. According to the economic analysis, a net income of R$ 2,234.08 was obtained when the tannia were cultivated without a hilling operation using extra propagated seedlings.